A report by Joseph Webster and Ginger Matchett from the Atlantic Council warns that the U.S. administration's strategy of targeting Iran's civilian power grid could lead to a humanitarian disaster. The authors argue that such strikes would not effectively weaken Iran's military, which operates independently of the national electricity system. Instead, targeting civilian infrastructure would escalate the conflict and inflict severe suffering on Iran's 92 million citizens, who depend on electricity for essential services like water supply and healthcare. The report draws parallels to the 1991 Gulf War, where similar actions led to widespread disease and civilian deaths. Furthermore, the authors caution that attacking Iran's energy infrastructure could provoke retaliatory strikes on the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states' desalination plants, exacerbating regional water crises. The potential fallout from these actions could destabilize the entire region and lead to a global energy crisis, severely impacting supply chains and the economy. President Donald Trump has issued ultimatums regarding Iran's compliance, threatening massive bombing campaigns if demands are not met, which raises further concerns about the humanitarian implications of such military actions.