Many people mistakenly associate drinking large amounts of water and frequent urination with healthy kidneys. Dr. Priyam Bordoloi, a medical educator, clarifies that excessive thirst and urination can indicate medical issues rather than optimal kidney function. The kidneys are primarily responsible for water conservation, regulated by the antidiuretic hormone (ADH). In conditions like Diabetes Insipidus, where either ADH production is insufficient or the kidneys do not respond to it, the body produces large volumes of dilute urine, sometimes exceeding 10 liters per day. This leads to intense thirst as a survival mechanism to prevent dehydration. However, excessive urination can also stem from other conditions, including uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, psychogenic polydipsia, electrolyte imbalances, or certain medications. Understanding these nuances is crucial for assessing kidney health accurately.