In its 2025 Public Report, the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) has flagged Khalistani extremists as a national security threat, warning that a small group exploits Canadian institutions to promote a violent extremist agenda. The report indicates that while these individuals engage in fundraising and planning violent activities, non-violent advocacy for a separate Khalistan state is not classified as extremism. Khalistani groups, which seek the creation of a Sikh homeland in India, are designated as terrorist organizations by the Indian government due to their involvement in violence. The report recalls the 1985 Air India Flight 182 bombing, the deadliest terrorist attack in Canada, which was linked to Khalistani extremists and resulted in the deaths of 329 people. The CSIS assessment comes amid strained relations between Canada and India, particularly after Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's allegations regarding Indian involvement in the killing of Sikh separatist Hardeep Singh Nijjar. Since Prime Minister Mark Carney's administration began, efforts have been made to mend diplomatic ties between the two countries.