On May 23, 2023, UN Under-Secretary-General Miguel Angel Moratinos emphasized the importance of updating the Rabat Plan of Action, originally adopted in 2012 to combat national, racial, and religious hatred. He stated that while the plan has garnered widespread support, it requires renewed momentum to effectively address hate speech and polarization. Moratinos advocated for a 'Rabat Plan of Action 2,' highlighting the necessity of finding a balance between freedom of expression and the freedom of religion or belief. He expressed concern that in some Western contexts, the emphasis on free speech can lead to actions that disrespect religious sentiments, such as burning religious texts. Moratinos asserted that while freedom of expression is vital, it should not come at the expense of others' rights. He called for a more integrated approach that respects both freedoms, suggesting that limitations on expression may be necessary when it infringes upon the rights of others. This updated approach aims to foster a more harmonious coexistence among diverse beliefs and practices.