The High Court of Australia will hear its first climate case, focusing on whether emissions from coal burned overseas should be considered in local mine approvals. The case revolves around MACH Energy's Mount Pleasant Coal mine in New South Wales, which seeks to extend its operations until 2048, potentially increasing coal production by 406 million tonnes. Notably, 98% of this coal would be exported, contributing to what are known as Scope 3 emissions, which are not counted in Australia’s domestic emissions tally. The NSW Independent Planning Commission approved the mine's extension in 2022, but a community group challenged this decision, arguing that local climate impacts, including heatwaves and droughts, were not adequately considered. The NSW Court of Appeal ruled in favor of the community group, prompting MACH Energy to appeal to the High Court. This case is significant as it may establish whether emissions from Australian coal burned overseas must be factored into local environmental assessments. The High Court's decision could have far-reaching implications for fossil fuel policies in New South Wales and beyond, especially in light of recent international legal findings regarding state obligations to mitigate climate change impacts.