Scientists at the University of British Columbia Okanagan (UBC Okanagan) have made a significant breakthrough by uncovering how plants produce mitraphylline, a rare compound known for its potential anti-cancer properties. This compound belongs to a class of chemicals called spirooxindole alkaloids, recognized for their twisted ring structures and powerful biological effects. The research team, led by Dr. Thu-Thuy Dang, identified two critical enzymes that work together to create mitraphylline. One enzyme organizes the molecule into the correct three-dimensional structure, while the second transforms it into mitraphylline itself. This discovery is crucial as mitraphylline is found only in trace amounts in tropical plants like kratom and cat's claw, making laboratory recreation challenging and expensive. With the enzymes identified, researchers now have a clearer path toward producing mitraphylline sustainably. The project was a collaborative effort between UBC Okanagan and the University of Florida, supported by various funding bodies including Canada's Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council. The findings are expected to lead to the development of a broader range of therapeutic compounds.