Fish that migrate between fresh and saltwater face significant challenges due to barriers like dams and roads, which disrupt their migratory routes. A recent study published in PLOS One by researchers from the University of Washington examines how billions allocated for fish passage projects may not be effectively spent due to inadequate planning methods. The traditional score and rank approach evaluates barriers individually, potentially overlooking the broader river context and leading to stranded investments. In contrast, the optimization method synthesizes various inputs to maximize budget efficiency and improve project outcomes. The study found that while score and rank can open habitat, it struggles when additional factors like habitat quality are considered. Washington state is currently implementing a multibillion-dollar initiative to remove barriers affecting salmon and steelhead, utilizing a hybrid approach that combines both methods. The researchers suggest that even small changes to the current systems can enhance effectiveness, emphasizing the importance of strategic planning to ensure the success of these costly projects.