The Indian armed forces recently conducted Exercise Josh 2, a comprehensive joint air-land drill focused on the western front with Pakistan. This exercise aimed to enhance the coordination of combat operations under a unified command structure, involving the Indian Air Force’s western air command and the army’s multiple commands. A key feature was the testing of the Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS), which significantly improves the speed of threat detection and response, known as the sensor-to-shooter cycle. The integration of Akashteer, the army’s automated air defense system, with IACCS showcased improved interoperability between the air force and army. The drill also emphasized the importance of managing military flight operations alongside civilian air traffic, rehearsing procedures for airspace de-confliction. Furthermore, the exercise included the use of civil airports as joint user airfields, reflecting a broader strategy to utilize national infrastructure for military readiness. This comprehensive approach is crucial for India's defense planning, particularly in light of ongoing tensions with Pakistan.