Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu faces a significant threat to his political future as his coalition crumbles due to the withdrawal of support from ultra-Orthodox parties. This rift stems from Netanyahu's failure to deliver on promises to legalize military service exemptions for ultra-Orthodox men, a longstanding issue that has ignited public anger. Following the Oct. 7, 2023, attack and subsequent military engagements, many Israelis are frustrated with the ultra-Orthodox community's ability to avoid military service, which is seen as unfair amidst national security challenges. Netanyahu's coalition, which relies heavily on ultra-Orthodox support, has lost its parliamentary majority, prompting a vote to dissolve the Knesset and potentially move elections up to September 2023. The ultra-Orthodox community, comprising about 13% of Israel's population, traditionally receives exemptions if studying full-time in religious institutions, a policy dating back to the state’s founding in 1948. This has led to tensions as the military struggles with recruitment, with less than 10% of ultra-Orthodox men enlisting annually. The internal conflict within Netanyahu's coalition raises questions about his ability to secure re-election without alienating both his ultra-Orthodox allies and the broader public.