A new study published in the journal Antiquity examines Mohenjo-daro, the largest city of the ancient Indus Valley civilization, revealing that it became increasingly egalitarian as it expanded. Situated in the Larkana District of Sindh, Pakistan, Mohenjo-daro is renowned for its advanced urban planning, which included sophisticated drainage systems and organized street layouts. Lead author Dr. Adam Green highlights that unlike other ancient civilizations, Mohenjo-daro did not build palaces or monuments for rulers, which contributed to its unique social structure. The research indicates that as the city grew to accommodate a population of up to 40,000, the wealth gap narrowed, with disparities in house sizes decreasing. This challenges the common belief that economic growth leads to inequality, suggesting instead that shared resources and collective improvements were key to the city's success. The findings offer valuable lessons for modern societies, demonstrating that an advanced urban environment can thrive while ensuring equitable resource distribution.