Revisiting Pigeon Domestication: Insights from Ancient Cyprus
Friend or foul? Exploring the ancient bond between pigeons and people

Image: Phys.org
Recent research on pigeon bones from the Late Bronze Age site of Hala Sultan Tekke in Cyprus reveals that pigeons were semi-domesticated as early as 1400 BCE, pushing back the timeline of their domestication by nearly 1,000 years. This challenges the perception of pigeons as mere urban pests and highlights their significant role in human culture.
- 01The study was conducted by researchers from the University of Groningen, led by Anderson Carter.
- 02Isotope analysis showed that pigeons had diets closely aligned with human diets, indicating close proximity and possible domestication.
- 03The previous earliest evidence for domesticated pigeons was from Hellenistic Greece, dating around 323–265 BCE.
- 04Many pigeon bones were found burnt and buried in ritual spaces, suggesting their consumption during rituals in Cypriot culture.
- 05The research aims to change perceptions of pigeons, highlighting their historical significance in human development.
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Research conducted by the University of Groningen has uncovered that pigeons, specifically the rock dove (Columba livia), were semi-domesticated as early as 1400 BCE at the Late Bronze Age site of Hala Sultan Tekke in Cyprus. This discovery pushes back the timeline for pigeon domestication nearly 1,000 years, challenging the notion of these birds as mere urban pests. The study utilized zooarchaeology and isotope analysis to examine the diets of pigeon bones found at the site, revealing that they closely matched human diets, indicating that they were either provided food by humans or lived in close proximity. Additionally, many pigeon bones were found burnt and interred with other animal remains in ritual spaces, suggesting they played a role in ceremonial feasts, which were significant in Cypriot culture. The findings underscore the importance of pigeons in human history, potentially altering how we view these birds today. Researchers hope to foster a greater appreciation for pigeons and recognize their shared history with humans, emphasizing that they have been integral to our development for thousands of years.
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