A recent palaeoecological study conducted by the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences has reconstructed 4,000 years of climate history on Majuli, the world's largest inhabited river island located in Assam, India. The research reveals five distinct phases of ecological change influenced by climate variability, vegetation dynamics, and human activity. Notably, the study indicates that Majuli experienced a warm and humid period from 4040 to 2260 calibrated years before present, demonstrating resilience during the 4.2 ka dry climatic event. The findings emphasize the island's vulnerability due to deforestation, urbanization, and recurrent flooding. By analyzing fossil pollen and sediment, the study provides insights into how these factors have shaped the island's environment and offers lessons for adaptation strategies for flood-affected communities. The results also highlight the synchronicity between local vegetation changes and global climatic events, suggesting a need for biodiversity conservation and sustainable land-use planning to protect Majuli's fragile ecosystems.