Two studies funded by the state have determined that implementing geothermal energy systems at the University of Colorado Boulder is technologically feasible and could significantly cut greenhouse gas emissions. Geothermal energy harnesses renewable heat from the Earth, using a heat pump and underground piping to provide heating, cooling, and electricity. The first scenario evaluated in the studies estimated that constructing geothermal systems on the existing campus would cost over $470 million, with annual operational and maintenance costs nearing $10 million. However, this estimate does not account for necessary modifications to existing infrastructure or potential future expansions. CU Boulder spokesperson Nicole Cousins highlighted that while geothermal systems might be more expensive to operate than current systems, factoring in the social cost of carbon emissions could make them competitive. Currently, CU Boulder is not making any immediate decisions regarding geothermal implementation, as the studies will serve as planning resources for future energy and infrastructure strategies. The university aims to transition from steam heating to low-temperature hot-water systems powered by carbon-free sources, following the example of other Colorado institutions that have adopted geothermal energy.