The ongoing conflict involving Iran has underscored the global dependency on fossil fuels, with oil prices currently around $110 per barrel and forecasts suggesting they could rise to $150. This situation is exacerbating food insecurity, with the World Food Programme USA warning that an additional 45 million people could face acute hunger due to rising food prices driven by fertilizer shortages. Major fossil fuel producers, including the US and Russia, are benefitting from these high prices, with the US oil and gas sector projected to gain a $60 billion windfall. In contrast, investment in clean energy is now outpacing fossil fuel investment by a ratio of 2:1, reflecting a global shift towards renewable energy sources. China is at the forefront of this transition, having added 360 GW of new solar and wind capacity in 2024 and aiming for significant reductions in emissions. Meanwhile, India has set a target of generating 60% of its electricity from low-carbon sources by 2035, signaling a commitment to a greener economy despite its ongoing reliance on coal. The choices made by these major emitters in the aftermath of the Iran conflict will significantly influence the future trajectory of global energy consumption and climate action.