India is grappling with severe heatwaves, with an average of 19.8 heatwave days reported in 2024, according to the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change. Dr. Rashi Agarwal, a deputy consultant in endocrinology at Sir HN Reliance Hospital, explains that rising temperatures can significantly disrupt hormonal balance. The hypothalamus, which regulates temperature and hormonal pathways, becomes stressed under extreme heat, leading to elevated cortisol levels. This can result in fatigue, irritability, and poor sleep. Additionally, dehydration and heat stress can impair thyroid function, slowing metabolism and causing lethargy. For women, extreme temperatures may disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, leading to irregular menstrual cycles and fertility disturbances. Dr. Agarwal emphasizes the importance of recognizing warning signs such as persistent fatigue, sleep disturbances, and mood swings. Preventive measures include staying hydrated, avoiding peak heat hours, and maintaining balanced nutrition. Individuals with pre-existing endocrine disorders should monitor their health closely during heatwaves, as extreme heat poses significant endocrine stress.