Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory have made a significant advancement in understanding color perception by completing a key aspect of Erwin Schrödinger's 100-year-old color theory. Led by scientist Roxana Bujack, the team used geometric principles to create a mathematical definition of color perception based on hue, saturation, and lightness. Their findings reveal that the qualities we perceive in colors are not influenced by cultural or learned experiences but are inherent to the mathematics of color space itself. A major breakthrough involved defining the neutral axis, a critical component of color perception that Schrödinger had not formally defined, thus addressing a long-standing gap in his model. Additionally, the researchers corrected issues related to the Bezold-Brücke effect, which describes how light intensity can alter the appearance of color. This research, presented at the Eurographics Conference on Visualization, holds potential for enhancing color technologies and improving the interpretation of visual data across various fields, including national security sciences.