The Great Nicobar Island Development Project is a ₹81,000-92,000 crore (approximately $9.8 billion to $11.2 billion USD) initiative aimed at transforming Great Nicobar Island, India’s southernmost territory, into a global maritime hub. The project includes four major components: the Galathea Bay Transshipment Port, a dual-use international airport, an integrated city for over 350,000 residents, and a hybrid power plant. However, it faces significant backlash from environmentalists and political opponents, particularly Rahul Gandhi, who labeled it a 'crime against natural and tribal heritage' during his visit on April 28, 2026. Critics highlight severe ecological risks including deforestation, threats to endangered species like the Giant Leatherback Turtle, and potential harm to indigenous communities such as the Shompen tribe. The government argues that the project is crucial for national security and economic sovereignty, as it is positioned near a key maritime trade route. The National Green Tribunal has cleared the project, emphasizing its strategic importance despite environmental concerns.