The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has warned that global public debt is projected to exceed 100% of GDP by 2029, a level last seen after World War II. IMF Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva highlighted that the current economic landscape is marked by cumulative shocks, including the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and escalating geopolitical tensions, particularly the ongoing conflict in West Asia. This situation is straining government finances and complicating fiscal policy responses. Georgieva noted that emerging supply shortages in Asia—affecting oil, gas, naphtha, and helium—are early indicators of economic stress. She emphasized that central banks must navigate a delicate balance between maintaining price stability and responding to market conditions, particularly in light of varying levels of credibility among them. Even with a potential de-escalation of the conflict, supply chains are expected to take time to normalize, prolonging the economic impact. The IMF is preparing for an increased demand for financial support, estimating needs in the range of $20–50 billion. For governments, fostering a resilient domestic economy will be crucial in mitigating these challenges.