On May 26, 2023, the United States and Armenia signed a framework memorandum focused on the processing of critical minerals and rare-earth metals. This agreement is viewed as a strategic move to enhance economic independence for both nations. Secretary of State Marco Rubio, speaking to reporters in Yerevan, emphasized that reliable access to these essential resources is crucial for fostering innovation and economic growth in the 21st century. He noted that critical minerals, which have gained prominence in recent years, are vital for new technologies and innovations. Rubio asserted that countries capable of processing and refining these minerals will position themselves at the forefront of economic independence and innovation, while those that do not will fall behind. The signing of the memorandum represents a significant development in the bilateral relationship between the US and Armenia, underscoring a commitment to collaboration in the critical minerals sector.