Hindu refugees in West Bengal have evolved into a politically significant group, shaped by their diverse caste backgrounds and historical migrations from erstwhile East Bengal (now Bangladesh). This population, primarily settled in districts like Coochbehar, Nadia, and South and North 24 Parganas, includes notable communities such as the Namasudras and Rajbanshis, each contributing to the state's electoral dynamics. The Namasudras, with an estimated population of 40 lakh, and the Rajbanshis, around 42 lakh, are crucial to any electoral strategy involving refugee-origin voters. The Matua community, centered in Thakurnagar, represents a visible segment of this demographic, having emerged from a reformist movement led by Harichand Thakur. Despite their integration into the Bengali social fabric, many members still grapple with citizenship documentation issues, leading to uncertainty about their legal status. Political analyst Deep Halder notes that predicting voting behavior among these groups is complex, as they do not vote as a monolithic bloc. The historical context of migration and the evolving political landscape, particularly regarding the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and National Register of Citizens (NRC), have further complicated their electoral choices. As the 2026 elections approach, the interplay of caste, community identity, and political representation will be critical in shaping outcomes in West Bengal.