A recent investigation by Al Jazeera English and Liberty Investigates has uncovered that twelve prestigious UK universities, including the University of Oxford, have engaged Horus Security Consultancy Limited to monitor student activism, particularly pro-Palestine demonstrations. Since 2022, the consultancy has received at least £440,000 ($594,000) for its services, which involve collecting and analyzing open-source data, including social media activity. Internal documents reviewed by the investigation suggest that student activists, including a Palestinian academic at Manchester Metropolitan University and a pro-Palestinian PhD student at the London School of Economics, were specifically mentioned in monitoring reports. The University of Bristol reportedly provided Horus with details of protest groups to track, including pro-Palestinian and animal rights organizations, and received regular updates on campus protest activities. While some universities, such as Imperial College London and the University of Sheffield, have defended their practices by stating that they focus on public safety and do not engage in student surveillance, others, including the University of Oxford, did not respond to requests for comment. Horus Security Consultancy, founded by former British Army intelligence officer Jonathan Whiteley, specializes in open-source analysis and has been linked to claims of foreign influence in protests. The investigation notes that there is no indication that the monitoring activities were illegal.