Peatlands, which cover approximately 3-4% of Earth's land surface, play a crucial role in climate change mitigation by storing nearly one-third of the world's soil carbon. However, their degradation accounts for 5-10% of annual human-caused carbon dioxide emissions. Despite their importance, many peatlands remain undiscovered or poorly mapped, particularly in tropical regions. A recent global study involving over 450 participants from 54 countries highlighted the urgent need for improved mapping and understanding of these ecosystems. Key priorities include assessing how peatlands respond to climate change and the necessity of restoring degraded peatlands, with a target of rewetting at least 30 million hectares by 2030. The study also emphasized the importance of incorporating local and Indigenous knowledge in restoration efforts, recognizing that peatlands are not just ecological assets but also vital for the livelihoods of surrounding communities. As peatlands gain recognition for their significance in climate regulation and biodiversity, decisions regarding their protection and restoration will shape their future role in the global environment.