Remarkable Survival of Cows on Amsterdam Island Revealed Through DNA Study
In 1871, a farmer left five cows on a remote island, 130 years later, scientists studied their DNA and found something that stunned them
The Economic Times
Image: The Economic Times
A study on the DNA of cows left on Amsterdam Island in 1871 reveals their remarkable survival and adaptation. Descended from European taurine and Indian Ocean zebu cattle, the herd thrived despite inbreeding challenges. The findings highlight resilience and genetic diversity in isolated environments.
- 01Five cows were left on Amsterdam Island in 1871, leading to a feral herd of around 2,000 by 2024.
- 02The herd's DNA revealed a mix of European taurine and Indian Ocean zebu ancestry, enhancing genetic diversity.
- 03Despite high inbreeding levels, the herd maintained health due to rapid population growth.
- 04Evolutionary changes were more significant in behavior than physical traits, adapting them to feral life.
- 05By 2010, the herd was eradicated to protect native species, but genetic research continues to provide insights.
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In 1871, a farmer named Heurtin left five cows on Amsterdam Island, a remote land in the Southern Ocean. Over the years, these cows formed a feral herd that peaked at about 2,000 animals. A 2024 study led by geneticist Mathieu Gautier revealed that the herd descended from 75% European taurine cattle and 25% Indian Ocean zebu, showcasing unexpected genetic diversity. Despite inbreeding levels of around 30%, the herd thrived due to rapid population growth, which mitigated long-term genetic issues. Interestingly, the study found that the most significant evolutionary changes occurred in the cattle's behavior rather than their physical characteristics. However, by 2010, the herd was eradicated to protect native species, leaving only genetic samples for ongoing research.
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The study highlights the resilience and adaptability of species in isolated environments, offering insights into conservation efforts.
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