The common belief that hot water is superior for stain removal is challenged by scientific research. Studies indicate that cold water is often the better choice, particularly for protein-based stains like blood and sweat, as hot water can denature proteins and set stains permanently. A 2023 study published in the Journal of Textile Science & Engineering found that cold water achieved full or near-complete stain removal in 92.3% of cases, while hot water worsened stains in 68% of instances. Experts, including Carolyn Forte from the Good Housekeeping Institute, advise starting with cold water to avoid setting stains. While hot water can effectively dissolve greasy stains, it can complicate stains that contain both proteins and oils. The consensus among cleaning experts is that cold water should be the first step in stain removal, which not only protects fabrics but also conserves energy, using up to 90% less energy than hot washes. Thus, for effective stain removal, cold water is the scientifically recommended option.