The Australian government has filed a landmark lawsuit against the US chemicals manufacturer 3M, seeking $1.4 billion for the contamination of 28 defence bases with PFAS, commonly referred to as 'forever chemicals.' These substances, found in firefighting foam, are notorious for their persistence in the environment and are linked to severe health issues, including liver and kidney diseases and increased cancer risks. Assistant Defence Minister Peter Khalil highlighted the substantial economic and environmental costs of the contamination, noting that the Defence Department has already spent $923 million addressing the impacts, including $289 million in settlements to affected communities. The department has also treated over 200,000 metric tons of contaminated soil and more than 13 billion litres of water. 3M has denied the allegations, asserting that it ceased sales of PFAS products in Australia nearly two decades ago and will vigorously defend itself in court. The lawsuit reflects ongoing tensions over environmental accountability, as 3M has faced other legal challenges, including a recent $10 billion settlement in the US for similar issues.