The Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices (Aemps) has confirmed 111 cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) linked to breast implants, known as breast implant-associated ALCL (BIA-ALCL), as of 2025. This rare cancer is associated with immune system cells developing in the tissue capsule surrounding the implant. Aemps began monitoring this condition in 2012 and has received a total of 146 suspected reports. The latest report indicates that Madrid has the highest number of cases, followed by Andalusia, Catalonia, and the Valencian Community. Although the incidence of BIA-ALCL remains low compared to the number of women with breast implants, Aemps emphasizes the need for continued surveillance and early detection. Current research suggests a multifactorial origin of the disease, exploring factors such as implant type, genetic predispositions, and potential inflammatory processes. However, experts note that a definitive causal relationship has not yet been established, and the exact mechanisms triggering the lymphoma remain unclear.