Children are not simply smaller adults; their unique physiological and anatomical characteristics necessitate a specialized approach to anaesthesia. Unlike adults, children have immature organ systems, particularly in the liver and kidneys, which process medications differently. This results in a higher risk of complications from both underdosing and overdosing. The anatomical structure of a child's airway is narrower and more flexible, making airway management during anaesthesia more complex. Additionally, children lose body heat more rapidly, increasing the risk of hypothermia during surgery. Monitoring equipment must be specially designed for children, and pain management requires careful observation of non-verbal cues. Recent advancements in paediatric anaesthesia, including better drugs, monitoring technologies, and simulation-based training, have improved safety outcomes. However, experts emphasize that specialized training is essential, and hospitals are encouraged to employ dedicated paediatric anaesthesiologists to ensure individualized care. Overall, recognizing the distinct needs of children in anaesthesia is critical for safe surgical practices and positive outcomes.