Agriculture in India contributes 16-18% to the country's GDP and employs over 42% of the workforce, highlighting the importance of farmers. However, a recent policy paper from the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) reveals that Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) face significant structural challenges that limit their effectiveness. Despite the existence of over 44,000 registered FPOs, many struggle with low equity, limited credit access, and inadequate infrastructure, which hampers their ability to compete in high-value markets. The paper notes that only 21% of FPOs engage in value-addition activities like processing and branding, crucial for enhancing profitability. Governance issues, such as weak internal systems and low member participation, further complicate their operations. The study recommends measures like simplifying compliance processes, enhancing member engagement, and strengthening industry linkages to improve FPO sustainability and efficiency. Strengthening FPOs is essential for raising farm incomes and fostering a more resilient agricultural system in India.