The International Criminal Court (ICC) Pre-Trial Chamber I has officially dismissed the appeal filed by former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte's defense team regarding the confirmation of charges against him for crimes against humanity. The defense had claimed that the Pre-Trial Chamber made errors by adopting an 'impermissibly flexible approach' in formulating the charges, which they argued undermined the requirement to adequately inform Duterte of the allegations. However, the ICC ruled that the charges were sufficiently detailed, including clear definitions of the time periods, locations, and categories of victims involved in the alleged crimes. The court also noted that the defense conflated distinct legal questions regarding the delineation of charges and the accused's right to detailed information about those charges. Furthermore, the ICC clarified that the confirmation proceedings are not equivalent to a full trial and do not necessitate a detailed examination of every piece of evidence. Duterte is currently facing three counts of crimes against humanity linked to his administration's controversial war on drugs, which has reportedly led to the deaths of at least 6,000 individuals according to government figures, with human rights groups estimating the toll to be over 30,000, including children.