During a panel discussion at the Hay Festival, novelist Ian McEwan expressed that pessimism might pose a greater challenge than climate change, particularly as temperatures in the UK reached record highs. He noted a pervasive sense of despair among parents regarding their children's futures but advocated for optimism as a moral imperative. McEwan referenced his book, *What We Can Know*, which is set in a future Britain affected by climate change. He highlighted the importance of recognizing progress, such as the moment when renewable energy surpassed fossil fuels in the UK. Minette Batters, former president of the National Farmers' Union, shared insights on the agricultural sector, revealing that extreme weather has drastically affected crop yields, with farmers producing only 50% of their usual hay and silage crops. She criticized the government's unclear farming policies, which leave farmers uncertain about future plans. McEwan also suggested that investing in local services could yield greater benefits than large infrastructure projects.