Farming in the Great Lakes region of Africa, which includes countries like Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, and Kenya, is increasingly threatened by climate change. A recent study sampled 27 crop pathogens and pests affecting key crops such as banana and cassava. The research utilized machine learning to predict how rising temperatures could facilitate the spread of these threats. Findings indicate that 44% of these pathogens and pests may become more prevalent at higher altitudes as climate warms, posing significant risks to food security for millions of smallholder farmers. Conversely, 17% of the sampled species may decline in warmer conditions. To combat these challenges, farmers and agricultural stakeholders are urged to implement climate-smart agriculture practices and improve pest management strategies. Enhanced monitoring and predictive tools are crucial for anticipating pest outbreaks and ensuring crop health. However, many national organizations face resource constraints that hinder comprehensive monitoring efforts. Addressing these issues will be vital for safeguarding agricultural productivity in the region.