A recent study published in The Lancet Global Health journal indicates that addressing undernutrition could prevent up to 2.3 million tuberculosis (TB) cases worldwide, representing 23.7% of adult infections in 2023. The research, conducted by experts from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, highlights that India could see the most significant reduction in TB cases, followed by Indonesia, the Philippines, and Pakistan. The study estimates that eliminating moderate-to-severe undernutrition could avert 1.4 million TB episodes, accounting for 14.6% of global adult incidence this year. Undernutrition, defined as a body mass index (BMI) under 18.5, is a modifiable risk factor for TB infection. The findings underscore the urgent need for scaling up nutritional interventions, which could yield broader health benefits beyond TB. The study also calls for further research to optimize the implementation of these interventions, which could accelerate progress towards the End-TB Strategy adopted by the World Health Assembly in 2014, aimed at ending the TB epidemic by 2035.