On March 9, 2026, the world commemorated the 250th anniversary of Adam Smith's influential work, 'An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations.' This occasion prompts a critical examination of the 'Das Adam Smith Problem,' which juxtaposes the moral philosophy presented in Smith's earlier book, 'The Theory of Moral Sentiments,' against the self-interested economic principles of his later work. The term was coined by German economists of the Historical School, including Wilhelm Hasbach and August Oncken, who noted the stark contrast between Smith's sympathetic moral outlook and the apparent selfishness in his economic theories. This raises the question: did Smith's perspective genuinely change during the 17 years between these publications? Exploring this dilemma offers valuable insights into the foundations of modern economics and the interplay between morality and economic behavior.