Analysis Reveals Quantum Exposure in Bitcoin Holdings: Coinbase vs. Binance
Coinbase's Bitcoin Is (Mostly) Quantum-Proof—But Binance's Is Not

Image: Benzinga
A recent analysis by Glassnode shows that Binance holds 85% of its Bitcoin in quantum-exposed outputs, while Coinbase has only 5%. Overall, 6.04 million BTC, or 30.2% of the total supply, is vulnerable to potential quantum computer attacks due to public key visibility on the blockchain, raising concerns about operational security in cryptocurrency exchanges.
- 016.04 million BTC is identified as quantum exposed, representing 30.2% of the total Bitcoin supply.
- 02Operational exposure affects 4.12 million BTC, primarily due to address reuse, which reveals public keys.
- 03Exchanges hold 1.66 million BTC in operationally unsafe outputs, accounting for 40% of all such Bitcoin.
- 04Fidelity and CashApp show only 2% quantum exposure, contrasting with Robinhood's 100% exposure.
- 05Governments like the U.S., U.K., and El Salvador maintain 0% quantum exposure through effective address management.
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According to a recent report by Glassnode, Binance holds 85% of its Bitcoin (BTC) in outputs that are vulnerable to quantum attacks, while Coinbase Global Inc. maintains a significantly lower rate of 5%. Overall, 6.04 million BTC, which is 30.2% of the total Bitcoin supply, is classified as quantum exposed due to public keys being visible on the blockchain. This vulnerability arises from two main sources: structural exposure, affecting 1.92 million BTC (9.6%), and operational exposure, impacting 4.12 million BTC (20.6%). The latter is primarily due to address reuse, where spending from an address reveals the public key, thus exposing any remaining balance. Notably, exchanges account for 1.66 million BTC in operationally unsafe outputs, representing 40% of all operationally unsafe Bitcoin. In contrast, institutions like Fidelity and CashApp exhibit only 2% quantum exposure, while Robinhood shows a concerning 100%. Governments such as the U.S., U.K., and El Salvador have successfully maintained 0% quantum exposure through effective address management practices. Glassnode emphasizes that while this data highlights custody design issues, it does not indicate immediate risk for any exchange.
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The findings suggest that users of cryptocurrency exchanges should be aware of the risks associated with quantum exposure and consider the security measures of their chosen platforms.
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