The Supreme Court of India has expressed grave concerns about the delays and structural deficiencies within the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT), which are jeopardizing the country's insolvency framework. During a recent hearing, Justices J.B. Pardiwala and K.V. Viswanathan highlighted that the NCLT's current operational inefficiencies pose risks to creditors and undermine the objectives of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC). The court's intervention follows previous directives for the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) and NCLT to provide data on pending cases. The court noted that approval delays for insolvency cases range from 48 days to over 738 days, with some cases taking up to four years, far exceeding the IBC's mandated resolution period of 330 days. A key issue is the shortage of NCLT members, with only 54 of the sanctioned 63 currently serving, which has led to increased backlogs and delayed hearings. The court also pointed out infrastructure inadequacies and staffing issues, including reliance on contractual staff and irregular salary payments. As of December 2025, nearly 1,879 cases remain pending, with the average resolution plan taking 619 days. The Supreme Court's intervention is expected to drive reforms, but experts warn that without addressing capacity gaps, the effectiveness of the insolvency system will remain compromised.