New Study Reveals How Homing Pigeons Navigate Using Liver Cells
Homing pigeons may use a surprising navigation mechanism
Science News
Image: Science News
Research published in *Science* reveals that homing pigeons utilize iron-rich white blood cells in their livers as an internal compass for navigation, particularly when sunlight is obscured. This discovery challenges previous theories about avian navigation and highlights the role of the immune system in orientation.
- 01Homing pigeons use iron-filled white blood cells in their livers to navigate when sunlight is unavailable.
- 02Previous theories suggested that birds used proteins in their eyes to sense magnetic fields, but this new study presents an alternative mechanism.
- 03The research team conducted experiments where pigeons with depleted macrophages struggled to return home on cloudy days.
- 04The study was led by Martin Wikelski from the Max Planck Institute and Christian Kurts from the University of Bonn.
- 05Future research aims to understand how these liver cells communicate with the nervous system.
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A recent study published in *Science* has unveiled a surprising mechanism by which homing pigeons (Columba livia) navigate their routes. Researchers discovered that iron-rich white blood cells, known as macrophages, in the pigeons' livers act as an internal compass, especially when sunlight is obscured by clouds. This finding challenges long-standing theories that suggested birds rely on proteins in their eyes to sense magnetic fields. The study, conducted by Martin Wikelski from the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior and Christian Kurts from the University of Bonn, involved experiments where pigeons with intact macrophages successfully returned home under cloudy conditions, while those with depleted macrophages became disoriented. The presence of millions of iron-filled macrophages near the liver's nerve network indicates their potential role in guiding the birds based on the Earth's magnetic field. The research opens new avenues for understanding avian navigation and the broader implications for other animals that utilize magnetic sensing.
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