The Indian Navy is set to enhance the capabilities of the INS Khanderi, one of its modern submarines, by installing an air-independent propulsion (AIP) system. This upgrade, which will take place at the Hazira shipyard in Gujarat, aims to improve the submarine's underwater endurance, allowing it to operate for up to two weeks without surfacing. The project is expected to begin later this year and will take about two years to complete. The AIP system will be integrated into the submarine's midsection, increasing its length by approximately 20 meters. Currently, the Pakistan Navy operates three Agosta-class submarines equipped with AIP, creating a strategic gap that India seeks to close. Following the Khanderi's upgrade, the Indian Navy plans to retrofit its other five French-designed Scorpene-class submarines with the same technology. Additionally, the INS Sindhuvijay, a Russian-built KILO-class submarine, is set for a refit to extend its operational life, while discussions are ongoing regarding the mid-life update of the INS Betwa frigate. However, India's plans for three more Scorpene submarines are on hold as it evaluates a deal for six German submarines valued at €9 billion.