The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has made a groundbreaking discovery by identifying LAP1-B, the most chemically primitive galaxy known, which existed just 800 million years after the Big Bang. This galaxy, characterized by its extremely low oxygen abundance—only 1/240th that of the sun—provides a unique glimpse into the early universe during the Epoch of Reionization. The research team, led by Associate Professor Kimihiko Nakajima from Kanazawa University, utilized JWST's advanced infrared capabilities and gravitational lensing to analyze LAP1-B's chemical composition. Their findings indicate that the galaxy's carbon-to-oxygen ratio closely matches predictions for materials produced by the first stars, known as Population III stars. Furthermore, LAP1-B's mass is less than 3,300 solar masses, suggesting a significant presence of dark matter. This discovery not only sheds light on the origins of heavier elements in the universe but also establishes a direct connection to the ancient Ultra-Faint Dwarf galaxies found near the Milky Way. The team plans to continue exploring for more chemically primitive galaxies to further understand the universe's evolution.