Prime Minister Narendra Modi has highlighted the stark contrast in urea prices between India and other countries, where a bag of urea can cost nearly ₹3,000. In India, farmers only pay around ₹300 due to a robust subsidy system. This subsidy, which the Indian government funds, covers the difference between the actual production cost and the price paid by farmers. For instance, if the production cost is ₹2,800, the government compensates the remaining ₹2,500. The subsidy system is essential for shielding farmers from global price shocks, particularly amid rising costs driven by geopolitical tensions like the Russia-Ukraine war and the US-Iran conflict. Additionally, India's push for self-reliance in fertiliser production under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative has led to the revival of several urea plants, increasing domestic production from 22 million tonnes in 2011-12 to over 31 million tonnes by 2023-24. The government is also promoting nano urea as a more efficient alternative, which can potentially replace conventional urea in certain applications. By maintaining affordable fertiliser prices, India aims to ensure food security and mitigate inflationary pressures on the agricultural sector.