NASA's Liquid Oxygen Flight demonstration satellite, known as LOXSAT, is set to launch into low Earth orbit (LEO) this summer aboard a Rocket Lab Photon satellite bus, with the launch scheduled no earlier than July 17. This mission is pivotal for testing technologies essential for managing cryogenic fuels in microgravity, which are necessary for long-duration space travel to the Moon and Mars. LOXSAT will conduct tests over approximately nine months, focusing on challenges such as reducing 'boiloff', transferring propellant, and maintaining tank pressure. The data collected could inform future efforts by SpaceX and Blue Origin to develop their own on-orbit refueling systems, which are critical for NASA's Artemis program aimed at establishing a permanent lunar base. This initiative is part of the broader competition between the U.S. and China, with both nations racing to return humans to the Moon by the 2030s. While China has made strides in demonstrating refueling technologies, neither country has yet successfully refueled two large spacecraft in orbit, making LOXSAT's mission particularly significant.