Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, a Professor of Economics at Virginia Tech University, elaborates on the evolving economic landscape in Iran amidst ongoing conflicts with the United States and Israel. He explains that Iranians have begun to blame their economic struggles on external factors rather than their government, a significant shift from previous sentiments. The 'resistance economy' concept, introduced by former Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei, emphasizes Iran's efforts to pivot trade from Western nations to Eastern partners, particularly Russia and China, as sanctions tighten. However, the war has led to devastating impacts on physical infrastructure, including the destruction of factories, and has further strained economic institutions. Food prices have skyrocketed, with inflation for food items surpassing 100%, while average incomes have potentially decreased by 10%. The war has also stunted social development, making it harder for Iranian youth to transition into adulthood due to economic instability. Salehi-Isfahani warns that if economic pressures from the US continue, Iran may retaliate violently, escalating the conflict further. The situation remains precarious, with the potential for both increased aggression and a push for diplomatic resolutions.