Switzerland is set to vote on a significant referendum that proposes capping its population at 10 million by 2050. Currently, the population stands at 9 million, with a minimal natural growth rate of just 6,000 annually. The proposal, primarily advocated by the political right, aims to preserve 'Swissness' and alleviate pressure on infrastructure and housing caused by immigration. Over the past 25 years, around 2 million immigrants have settled in Switzerland, making up 27% of the population. Critics of the referendum argue that limiting immigration could hinder economic growth, particularly as the native population ages. This situation echoes historical concerns from the 1960s when trade unions called for immigration limits due to fears of overpopulation. The referendum serves as a barometer for globalisation, reflecting how domestic policies can influence broader economic realities. As Switzerland grapples with this decision, the outcome could signal a shift in its approach to immigration and population management, raising questions about the balance between preserving national identity and fostering economic growth.